Network Topology Kya Hai.दोस्तो आपने कई जगह computer network के बारे में तो सुना ही होगा कि कई सारे computers और nods मिलकर जब आपस में data का आदान प्रदान करते तो इसे Network कहते है। लेकिन क्या आपको पता है कि इन computer networks को form करने के लिए devices को एक specific structure में form करना पड़ता है? इन्हीं formation के तरीकों को हम Network Topology कहते है।
कुछ Network Topologies slow होती है और कुछ काफी fast होती है, users जरूरत के हिसाब से Network formation में topologies का use करते है।
Network Topology basically 6 प्रकार की होती है और इस article में हमने each Topology को explain करते हुए यह भी बताया है कि What is computer network? और What is Network Topology?, तो अगर आप Network Topology के बारे में depth में जानना चाहते है तो इस article को last तक पूरा जरुर पढे।
What is a computer network
दोस्तो Network Topology के बारे में जानने से पहले आपका यह जानना बहुत important है कि एक Computer Network क्या होता है?
सरल शब्दों में जब हम दो या दो से अधिक computers और computer hardwares को आपस में cabling या radio waves द्वारा connect करके एक दूसरे के साथ data share करते है तो इस process या तकनीक को Network या computer network कहते है।
Network Topology Kya Hai
किसी भी Computer Network को form करने के लिए computers और computer hardwares(या nods) को आपस में different structures और lay out में connect किया जाता है। किसी भी Network में nods के connect होने, data transmission और communication का तरीका सभी कुछ Topology पर depend होता है। Topology 2 types की होती है –
1.Physical Topology
2.Logical Topology
एक computer network बनाने के लिए कई तरह की different Topologies का use किया जाता है।बिना किसी standard topology के use के कोई network स्थापित नहीं किया जा सकता है। अगर आप भी कोई computer network form करना चाहते है तो आप आगे article में बताई गई Network Topologies में से best Network Topology को choose कर सकते हैं।
Network Topology कितने प्रकार की होती है?
Network Topology basically 6 प्रकार की होती है –
1.Bus Topology
2.Ring Topology
3.Star Topology
4.Mesh Topology
5.Tree Topology
6. Hybrid Topology
इस article Network Topology Kya Hai में हम आपको इन सभी प्रकार की Topologies के बारे में depth में बताएंगे तो चलिए शुरू करते है –
1.Bus Topology
Network Topology का सबसे simple और basic type Bus Topology होता है। इस Topology से किसी network को form करना काफी आसान होता है क्योंंकि Bus Topology द्वारा बनाया गया network, size में छोटा होता है। Bus Topology की सबसे खास बात यह होती है इस Topology को form करने के लिए केवल एक simple cable की आवश्यकता होती है जिस वजह से इसे passive topology भी कहते है।
Bus Topology में एक समय में केवल एक computer ही data share कर सकता है और अगर किसी other computer को data share करना हो तो उसे पहले computer की processing complete होने तक रुकना पड़ता है जिसके कारण Bus Topology में data share करने की speed काफी slow होती है।
Simple Topology होने के कारण इसमें कम से कम computer और computer hardwares(या nods) का use किया जाता है।
Advantages
- Cost-effective implementation
- Fewer cable requirements for connecting the nodes
- Easy to understand and manage
- Highly flexible to up-scale or down-scale a network
- Perfect for small networks
Disadvantages
- Unsuitable for use in large networks
- Failure in the primary backbone cable leads to failure of the entire network
- Unidirectional data transfer only
- Drastic reduction in transmission speeds with an increase in the number of nodes
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2.Ring Topology
Ring Topology को समझने के लिए एक Ring के shape को imagine कीजिए। जिस प्रकार एक ring गोल shape में होती है उसी प्रकार इस Topology का structure भी एक circle के shape पर आधारित होता है। Ring Topology में कोई भी host या central controlling computer नहीं होता है। Ring Topology का use उस Network को form करने में किया जाता है जहां high performance की जरूरत हो।
अगर बात Ring Topology में computer formation की करें तो Ring Topology में एक के पीछे एक computers, ring की shape में जुड़े होते है each computer अपने से अगले computer से connect रहता है। Ring Topology में computers के बीच communication का तरीका काफी simple होता है।
इस Topology में sender computer एक token release करता है, वह token पूरे Network में सभी computers के पास जाता है और जिस भी computer से उसका address match होता है वह computer sender से communication start कर देता है।
Dual ring topology
In a dual ring topology, bidirectional data transfer takes place. The topology can be configured by establishing two connections for each node. The two rings support data flow in opposite directions. Because of the presence of two rings, the topology has redundancy so that in the event of a failure in transmission in one of the rings, the other ring can take over and ensure unbroken data flow.
Advantages
- Efficient network management while handling excessive data loads
- End-to-end node connectivity makes it simple to detect faults or wrong configurations
- Well-ordered network flow
- Cost-effective topology implementation
Disadvantages
- The whole network can break down because of a single malfunctioning node or any failure in transmission lines
- Delay in data communication is directly proportional to the total nodes forming the ring
- Potential bandwidth constraint as all devices consume the same bandwidth
- Any addition, removal, or reconfiguration of nodes necessitates the shutdown of the entire network
3. Star Topology
जैसा कि नाम से ही पता चल रहा है कि Star Topology का जो structure होता है वो काफी हद तक एक star की तरह होता है। जिस प्रकार star की सभी sides एक center पर आकर जुड़ती है ठीक उसी प्रकार Star Topology में भी सभी computer और local devices, star की shape में जुड़ते है जो कि एक central computer से connect होते है। इस central device को hub या central computer कहते है।
आज star topology सबसे ज्यादा use की जाने वाली Topology है। Star Topology की एक खास बात यह है कि अगर इस Topology के local computers में से किसी computer में कोई technical issue हो जाता है तो, Network पर कोई फ़र्क़ नहीं पड़ता है। Network पर फ़र्क तभी पड़ता है जब hub में कोई दिक्कत आती है।
Star Topology में communication का तरीका भी काफी simple होता है। इस Topology में sender computer, data को hub के साथ share करता है और फिर hub उस data को process करके receiver computer को forward करता है।
Advantages
- If one node fails, the incident will not bring down the whole network
- It is possible to add, remove, modify, or reconfigure the topology without causing any disturbance to the network
- The need to have less cabling
- The network can be easily set up and modified
- Easy troubleshooting of faults
Disadvantages
- If the central node fails, it will cause total disruption of the whole network
- The installation and use of the network involves a lot of cost outlay
- The configuration, efficiency, and power of the central node solely dictate the performance of the network topology
4.Tree Topology
Tree Topology को आप Star Topology और Bus Topology का एक extended form कह सकते है। क्योंंकि जैसा कि आपको ज्ञात है कि Star Topology में एक hub होता है जिससे सभी computer connect रहते है। ठीक उसी प्रकार Tree Topology में कई सारे star network एक cable में जुड़े होते है जिनका connection directly mian hub से होता है।
Tree Topology में जो central hub होता है वो एक active hub होता है और बाकी सभी secondary hubs, active या passive दोनों प्रकार के हो सकते है।
Advantages
- Highly flexible
- High scalable with effortless addition or removal of nodes
- Appropriate for handling large networks
- Easily manageable
Disadvantages
- Very expensive depending on intricacies in making connections to the nodes
- High design and maintenance complexities
To select the correct network technology, you need to take several factors into consideration. These include:
- Number of nodes constituting the network
- Inter-node geographical distance
- Financial considerations
- Operational and maintenance flexibility
So, it is evident all network topologies have benefits as well as shortfalls. So, the key to developing and configuring the correct networking prototype is arbitrary. Thus, it is imperative for any business to initially determine all its needs prior to adopting any specific network topology.
5. Mesh Topology
Mesh Topology को काफी complex Topology कहा जाता है। इस Topology में कोई भी hub और host computer नहीं होता है। Mesh Topology की खास बात यह है कि इस Topology में लगा प्रत्येक nod अन्य सभी nods से individually जुड़ा होता है। जिस कारण सभी computers बिना किसी destruction के data share कर सकते है।
Mesh Topology का use उन जगहों पर किया जाता है जहां network stable नहीं होता है या जहां बार बार network break होता है।
In a mesh configuration, two principal techniques control data transmission.
Routing
In this technique, every node works on a unique routing logic. Data transmission takes place in keeping with that certain routing logic. The usefulness of the routing logic lies in the following.
- It helps find the shortest distance between two nodes to send information and minimize delays in reception.
- It helps detect faulty lines and sidestep them while carrying out transmission to avoid potential information loss.
Flooding
In this technique, each node receives comparable data. It does not require any routing logic. The likelihood of any data loss is minimal as all the nodes contain the same data. This helps make the configuration more robust and fault-free. At the same time, the network load rises too.
Advantages
- Fully unbroken network
- Highly robust
- Absolute security and privacy
- Failure in any of the nodes will not have any impact on the network
- The possibility of data collision is less because of dedicated connections
- Fault detection and faulty node isolation are easy
Disadvantages
- Implementation and cabling costs are high
- The network demands frequent reinstallation and reconfiguration
- Lots of complexities in the whole network
6. Hybrid Topology
Hybrid Topology ऊपर वाले 5 में से किसी दो या दो से अधिक basic Topologies के combination से बनती है। ज्यादातर corporations, offices आदि में Hybrid Topology का ही use किया जाता है। Hybrid Topology में हम अपनी जरूरत के हिसाब से basic Topologies का use कर सकते है।
How to choose the correct network topology?
Choosing the correct topology helps organizations in locating faults, troubleshooting errors, and allocating resources across the network. With an in-depth understanding of networking concepts, teams can maximally and effectively utilize networking resources and components. In addition, having a well-managed network topology reduces maintenance and operational costs.
Network Topology Kya Hai – Factors to consider while choosing
Neither all network topologies are perfect, nor are they intrinsically better than their peers. Therefore, the selection of the correct network topology that complements your business needs and size will be conditional on the following key factors.
Cable length requirement
In general, with an increase in cable length requirement, the work involved to set up the desired network topology increases too. The star and bus topologies are relatively simple and lightweight in contrast to the mesh topology that calls for more cable to put in place and is highly labour-intensive.
Cable type
The cable-type is the second factor that comes into the scene. Coaxial cables make use of copper-based wiring or insulated copper wiring. The same applies to twisted-pair cables that are more affordable but offer lesser bandwidth when compared with coaxial cables.
Moreover, you have fibre-optic cables. They are high-yielding and provide faster transmission of data as opposed to coaxial or twisted-pair cables. However, their installation is costlier as they need additional components such as optical receivers.
Hence, you need to select the cable type in the same way you select the network topology. It depends on core network needs such as the applications, the total distance of transmission, and the expected performance.
Network Topology Kya Hai – Cost
It is one more important element to be taken into consideration. The more you add complexity to your network, the more you expect the cost and time to set it up to escalate.
The expenses can even compound if you combine various elements, for example, establishing a connection with one more technologically sophisticated network structure using more expensive cables.
So picking the most suitable network topology for your business needs is about achieving a proper balance between the following three prerequisites.
- Extent of installation
- Operating costs
- Network performance level
Scalability
The scalability factor comes into view when you’re anticipating your business and network to expand further. A scalable, effortlessly modifiable network topology will come to your aid by saving time and avoiding hassles in the long term.
In this context, star topologies are most commonly used. Because of their inherent characteristics, they grant you the ability to add, removing, and altering nodes with minimal downtime.
On the other hand, the corresponding networks need to be made entirely down to introduce any node configuration or structure changes when it comes to ring topologies.
Network Topology Kya Hai – How is the mapping of network topology done?
At the outset of designing a network, topology diagrams provide much-needed help. They enable you to imagine the information flow across the network. Consequently, you get to derive an idea of the location of probable choke points.
Through visual representation, a smooth, efficient network design is quickly brought into being. The pictorial layout also acts as a solid reference point if the need to troubleshoot errors crops up at any instant.
A network topology diagram also comes in handy while gaining an in-depth understanding of the functioning of your network.
Apart from providing assistance in the troubleshooting process, the diagrammatic view can aid you in identifying bits and pieces of the infrastructure your network is devoid of or finding out the nodes that need to be monitored, replaced, or upgraded.
The best thing is you are not required to carry out these functions manually. Instead, with relevant tools, you can effortlessly delineate a network topology map of your choice.
Network Topology Kya Hai – What is network topology software?
Knowing your network’s inside-out functionality is crucial to ascertain the method to be adopted to design and implement the network topology perfect for your application needs.
Again, you have the network topology mapper software to come to your rescue. It is a valuable tool that pictorially represents how devices will be inter-connected and helping in recognizing the most appropriate topology.
Once the selection of the right configuration is made, the following implements will lend you a helping hand in not only developing network topology but also bringing about automation to configuration, keeping track of performance continuously, and sorting out network problems.
- Network topology design software
- Network configuration management tools
- Network management software solutions
You will both free as well as proprietary topology software solutions available in the market.
FAQs on network topology
Q) Which network topology best suits large businesses?
Ans. When it comes to large businesses, star topology is the most preferred one. This is due to the reason its control from a central hub is more straightforward.
In addition, the topology management software is only required to set up communication with the switch for getting hold of all traffic management features.
Occasionally you may use a hybrid topology as an interim solution to establish inter-department connections while planning for and implementing a revised unified system.
Q) Which is the most affordable network topology?
Ans. As far as small businesses are concerned, the bus topology is the most reliable and affordable one. It does not depend on the active status of each node. Nor does it require purchasing intuitive network equipment.
Q) What is essential to know about network topology in current times?
Ans. While settling on the suitable network topology, you should familiarize yourself with the usage needs of your network. One of the primary considerations in deciding the total number of nodes required to put the network in fine working condition.
In addition, the factor will insist on whether you can make use of a simple topology or need to take recourse to a more complex one with additional investment to have your network up and running.
Conclusion
You cannot expect any one of the topologies to be the best, keeping in mind the very fact that each of them has its share of benefits and drawbacks. This is conditional on the exact network environment you are either working in or making an attempt to set up.
So, it is prudent to avoid taking instant decisions to choose any of the topologies entirely on the basis of the descriptions given in this article. Before making the final choice, resort to a mapping tool for sketching the layout you’re contemplating using for your business.
उम्मीद ही आको हमारा आज का यह article पसन्द आया होगा और आप जान गए होंगे कि Network Topology Kya Hai. यदि आपको Network Topology से related कोई भी query है तो आप नीचे comment box में comment करके पूछ सकते है। हम आके सभी सवालों के जवाब जल्द से जल्द देने का प्रयास करेंगे। साथ ही यदि आप इस तरह की कोई अन्य जानकारी चाहते है तो भी आप comment box में लिख सकते हैं हम आपके लिए वह जानकारी जरूर लेकर आएंगे।
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